Author Archives: Tony

I’ve been learning a lot of Reactive Extensions (Rx) lately, and in the spirit of learning I decided to share some initial thoughts on the concepts and give a very light overview.  Rx is very deep, but hopefully this article gives you an initial understanding and examples to solidify the knowledge.

If you haven’t heard of Rx before, I highly recommend reading Erik Meijer’s blog post in which he describes an alternate way of thinking about events.  In short, he describes events (mouse clicks, keyboard events) as a stream of data.  Think of an array where you have a list of items but with the added element of time in between each item.  For example, as your mouse moves it creates a stream of coordinates. (The dots represent time passing)

mouseMoves = [….{x: 45, y: 45}…….{x: 45, y: 50}…..{x: 50, y: 50}…]

See, mouseMoves is just an array with time between the items.  This is what is known as an Observable.

Once we have an observable, we can do all kinds of things to the stream of data.  We can filter it for certain items, we can map over each data item and transform it to something else, we can merge it with another Observable to create a new data stream.   The documentation for the javascript implementation, gives you just a taste of what you can do.

A Practical Example – Mouse Moves

Let’s say that we want to add a listener to our page that detects whenever the mouse hovers over an image tag.  In addition, while we want to know whenever the mouse is hovering over the image, we also want to throttle the number events actually occurring.  The following Rx code accomplishes this in just a few lines of code.

Let’s take this line by line to see just what is happening.

After querying the page for a list of image tags, we create two new Observables by attaching them to the images DOM list.  These observables are now listening to all mouseover and mouseout events.

// Listen to the stream of mouseover events
var mouseOvers = Rx.Observable.fromEvent(images, 'mouseover');

// Listen to the stream of mouseout events
var mouseOuts = Rx.Observable.fromEvent(images, 'mouseout');

Now that we are listening to events, we want to filter these events to only return every 300ms (as opposed to very fast which it would do right now) and only while we are still hovered over an image.  Here’s how this code works. We loop over the list of mouseover events streaming in using ‘map’. For each event we occur, we create a new Observable that is delayed by 300ms.  And lastly, we filter that nested observable with the ‘takeUntil‘ operator so that we only return a valid event if the mouse has not left the image.  At this point, the event is then returned to the outer ‘map‘ result for the final operator, ‘switchLatest.’ Switch latest takes in a stream of events and returns only the most recent event. This operator is especially useful for ajax calls, where you may have made a few requests, but only care about the data from the most recent request made.  Likewise, this returns the most recent mouseover event that was valid.

// Create an Observable for all mouseOvers
var imageHover = mouseOvers.
    // For each (map) mouseOver event
    map(function(e) { 
        // Wrap the event with an another Observable, so we can throttle it
        return Rx.Observable.return(e.target).     
            // Wait to see if the mouseOver is still on this same boxart
            delay(300). 
            // Don't return anything if a mouseout occurred, this stops the observable from returning anything else
            takeUntil(mouseOuts);                     
    }).
    // Return the last throttled event
    switchLatest();  

Now that we’ve created our observable with its propers filers, we simply ‘forEach‘ or ‘subscribe’ over the stream as if it were an array.

// Subscribe to the img hovers
imageHover.subscribe(function(x) {
    console.log('Mouse over image with alt tag: ' + x.alt);
});

That’s it!  We can now listen for mouseover events on images like an array.

This is just scratching the surface of Rx and we haven’t even touched on how Observables automatically unsubscribe themselves from events or handle errors.  If you’d like to learn and play more with observables, I highly recommend giving Jafar Husain’s interactive tutorial a try.

Been taking a look at ReactJS over the last few days, which is an interesting view library from the folks over at Facebook.  What I really like about it so far is the “componentization” of  objects on a page.  The general idea being,  any part of the page should be able to stand on its own.  Think widgets.  In theory this is a nice idea until components need to interact.  For example, a list of items with a search box that filters the results.  Component 1 is the search box, Component 2 is the list of items.  In the traditional MVC pattern, the controller would be responsible for handling this interaction.  In react, you would create a parent component which would handle the passing of state change to the list component.  It doesn’t really matter what the parent component is, just that its children are the list and the search box.

Considering the issues I have with the traditional MVC pattern for front end web apps, I’m interested in how this approach by ReactJS performs in the real world at scale.  Especially on very interactive web apps.  In past large web apps, I’ve used an event bus to facilitate the communication between components and thereby reduce tight coupling.  My initial concern is that there will be hooks and callbacks being passed through each component in ReactJS, making the code a challenge.

Time to dig in and see the real world results.